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The price of nitrogen fertilizers is directly related to the price of natural gas (methane). Manufacturing 1 ton of anhydrous ammonia fertilizer requires 33,500 cubic feet of natural gas. This cost represents most of the costs associated with manufacturing anhydrous ammonia because even though the atmosphere is composed of 80 percent nitrogen it is not in a form plants can use.
It?EUR??,,????'?????<???EUR?s possible to combine natural gas and the atmosphere at very high temperature (about 900 ???????(R)?F) and pressure (between 200 and 1,000 atmospheres) to create anhydrous ammonia gas. This technique is called the Claude-Haber ammonia synthesis process. Natural gas is used in the process two ways: to react with the atmosphere and supply hydrogen to the reaction, and create the high temperature and pressure necessary for the process to take place.
The other source is urea which is formulated by a reaction between anhydrous ammonia and carbon dioxide, also at high temperature and pressure. Ammonium nitrate is formulated by combining anhydrous ammonia and nitric acid in a very corrosive manufacturing climate. Solution liquid fertilizers (28 to 32 percent nitrogen) are composed of one-half urea and one-half ammonium nitrate. It’s pretty hard to apply a nitrogen fertilizer formulation that doesn’t have natural gas in its manufacturing process.
If you want to discontinue using nitrogen fertilizers or reduce rates until the prices come down you collect soil samples to see if they have high levels of residual nitrogen. If so, you can reduce or even eliminate the use of nitrogen fertilizers without reducing yield. The very wet winter we had this year makes it unlikely that large amounts of nitrogen carried over, but it doesn’t hurt to check.
Francisco Uviña, University of New Mexico
Hardscape Oasis in Litchfield Park
Ash Nochian, Ph.D. Landscape Architect
November 12th, 2025
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