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It is no surprise that my favorite landscape codes come from coastal areas of the country. Surely, interest in coastal landscapes must come from my childhood growing up in the Lake Michigan dune region. Coastal landscapes and particularly islands have a spirit of place that is worth preserving. The landscape code from Grosse Ile Township, Michigan attempts to do just that.
La Grosse Ile, French for ?EUR??,,????'?????<?big island,?EUR??,,????'?????<? is an island community that has enacted landscape regulations to preserve open space and a sense of place. Their requirements preserve greenbelts and buffers that screen, clean the air, filter sediments, improve the micro-climate and infiltrate storm water. The code helps the island maintains its appearance, character and value of neighborhoods.
Grosse Ile Township is located in the Downriver French region of Detroit between Lake Huron and Lake Erie. Over the years the island has been washed over with a wave of development with an expanding suburban population, growing commercial districts and numerous yachting facilities. The local landscape ordinances and their nationally recognized public-funded open space program are tools to preserve the character and quality of island living.
The landscape code sets forth several site ?EUR??,,????'?????<?design components?EUR??,,????'?????<? generally common across the country, but some are exceptional. This community requires landscaping of a collection of site areas that include street right-of-ways, greenbelts (street yard planting areas) and site entries. The design width of greenbelts varies from 10-20 feet, based upon land use. Trees six inches DBH or larger within the greenbelt must be preserved and new trees and shrubs are to be planted. (Ed. note: In the U.S., tree diameter is usually measured at 4.5 ft above ground level, referred to as ?EUR??,,????'?????<?diameter at breast height?EUR??,,????'?????<? or DBH.) Buffer zones are required between abutting land uses and vary in width from 10 to 50 feet. The planting composition is based upon common ?EUR??,,????'?????<?technical standards?EUR??,,????'?????<??EUR??,,????'?????<??oelinear or square footage and planting formulas for tree, shrubs and ground covers.
Greenbelts are preserved through the communities open space program by use of irrevocable conveyances such as a deed restrictions, conservation easement or covenants. These ensure open spaces remain to improve the quality of island life. Article 13 provides other design components of interest, including parking lot screens, parking interiors, utility screens and entry plantings. In addition, landscaping is required for building fronts, interior grounds, cul de sacs and boulevard medians. Restrictions are placed on sight triangles. Streetscape design requirements are included in Chapter 150. The standards are not egregious but the results are positive.
The Grosse Ile parking lot design requirements are particularly exceptional. Their ratio of canopy tree to VUA surface is 1:3000 sq. ft., meaning one tree for every nine spaces for all lots containing more than 20 spaces. In addition to interior islands, medians and VUA screens the Grosse Ile Planning Commission requires a ?EUR??,,????'?????<?parking lot envelope?EUR??,,????'?????<? that extends 18 feet beyond the parking surface assumedly to allow walkways for pedestrian safety. This is an important element not seen in most landscape codes, but certainly something landscape architects should notice. That the code mentions public safety in parking lots is indicative of the importance that walkways be designed to safely ferry pedestrians to principal buildings. Liability issues associated with parking lots without walkways have always been a legal mystery. Should someone be injured in a parking lot on this island, the designer will certainly face consequences unless safe passage and articulated crosswalks were in place.
Plant materials must be used that meet the standards of the American Nursery and Landscape Association. Minimum sizes are required for shade trees, ornamental trees, evergreen trees, shrubs and hedges. Tree sizes are specified according to first branch height, caliper and spread. Minimum-size shade trees must be 3-in. caliper, 4-ft. first branch height with no specified spread. Near walkways and bikeway trees must be limbed up to 10 feet.
Of special note in the Grosse Ile code are the design standards for berm construction, walls and plantings that help designed landscapes reflect the general dune character of the great lakes.
So why is this landscape code such a favorite? The code is what I call reader friendly and it does all of the right things that a landscape code should do to be usable and easily understood by designers.
The Grosse Ile landscape regulations provide detailed technical standards, specifications and tables of sizes, dimensions and types. It is clearly written, organized to perfection and all technical information is easy to find. Illustrations are included for greenbelts, berms, wall types, terraced cross sections, parking details and plant standards all of which portray the technical standards. The Landscape Areas Plan is particularly useful because readers can see the spatial composition of all design components.
Sadly, the one thing lacking from this code are standards for the preparation of landscape plans. In addition, the administrative procedures that make this code work would be better served if they were included directly in text.
Communities around the country, practicing landscape architect and students, should study the structure, content, and technical information set out in this wonderful document.
For more information on the Grosse Ile code, click on ?EUR??,,????'?????<?Township Code?EUR??,,????'?????<? at grosseile.com/government/index.html
Francisco Uviña, University of New Mexico
Hardscape Oasis in Litchfield Park
Ash Nochian, Ph.D. Landscape Architect
November 12th, 2025
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