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If your city doesn?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??t have a skatepark, then your city is a skatepark.
Skateboarders are working with landscape architects to design skateparks that more precisely match their tastes and needs. After a quarter century of skatepark construction, today some of the skateboarders are the landscape architects.
The battlelines are familiar to anyone who?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??s followed skateparks over the past 20 years.
On one side are skateboarders, mostly young, excited over the prospect of custom-built bowls, ramps and runs rendered in smooth concrete. On the other side are homeowners who condemn the plans as the first step on the road to ruin.
In July, the war moved to a Welsh village where the River Dee drifts by a 13th-century castle.
The proposed skatepark is a ?EUR??,,????'?????<????????monster?EUR??,,????'?????<???????? that is ?EUR??,,????'?????<????????completely inappropriate?EUR??,,????'?????<???????? for the location, one resident told the local paper.
?EUR??,,????'?????<????????It?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??s a place where people visit with their families,?EUR??,,????'?????<???????? another said. ?EUR??,,????'?????<????????So why do we want a skateboard park when our park provides so many benefits??EUR??,,????'?????<????????
The skatepark already has funding, but opponents promise to fight it every step of the way.
Like hundreds of other communities across the globe, the village of Connah?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??s Quay will likely get its skatepark.
Residents of California, Oregon, Canada, Australia and dozens of European communities would probably smile at the ruckus the project is causing in the rural U.K. They?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??ve been down the same road. Their skateparks were built and the world hasn?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??t come to an end.
What might be called the first wave of skatepark design rolled across the U.S. during the 1970s. These were mostly private, fee-based operations that were run like theme parks.
The more ambitious 1970s skateparks featured concrete bowls that gave skaters an accessible and dry place to indulge their thirst for empty swimming pools.
Wally Hollyday, who still designs skateparks in Southern California, was part of the first wave. The sport exploded as urethane technology created better wheels. For the first time, a small number of skateboarders launched to celebrity status. The 2001 film Dogtown and Z-Boys paid tribute to the era and featured 70s skaters like Tony Alva, Jay Adams and Tom Sims.
For all its success, this first skatepark phase ended abruptly when liability insurance undermined business. The development marked the end of the private, for-profit skatepark, but the not the end of skateparks themselves.
The idea of banks of concrete just for skating was too seductive, and in 1979 a milestone was reached with the construction of Derby Park in Santa Cruz, Calif. Created by landscape architect Ken Wormhoudt, the park is primitive by today?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??s standards but demonstrated that a city could build a public park and not fall prey to lawsuits.
Ken Wormhoudt passed away in 1997, and his son Zach continues his work?EUR??,,????'?????<???????????helping dedicate a new skatepark named for his father this past May. A third-generation landscape architect, the younger Wormhoudt is one of a handful of licensed landscape architects active in the field today.
Another landmark took place in August of 1993, when the city of Huntington Beach opened what today is an almost microscopic facility at Murdy Park. Today it?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??s a relic, but back then it marked a first move in the skatepark direction by a major Southern California city.
Followed a year later by a slightly bigger skatepark, the Huntington Beach facilities drew skaters from across the region and showed other cities that lawsuits wouldn?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??t rain down if they sanctioned the oddball activity.
Landscape architect Steve Rose of the park planning firm Purkiss Rose-RSI (sold in February to Berkeley-based MIG) recalled the heady days when building skateparks amounted to an international news story.
?EUR??,,????'?????<????????People came from all over the world to check it out,?EUR??,,????'?????<???????? he said. But soon came complaints that the parks used off-the-drawing-board designs that didn?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??t conform to the physics of rolling wheels.
?EUR??,,????'?????<????????We were ridiculed by skaters because the bowls weren?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??t big enough or challenging enough,?EUR??,,????'?????<???????? Rose said in August. ?EUR??,,????'?????<????????But our hands were completely tied because of limited funding and because of a general lack of knowledge.?EUR??,,????'?????<????????
Other cities were still skittish about liability issues. Design firms were too. Then in 1998, new California legislation reclassified skateboarding as an inherently ?EUR??,,????'?????<????????Hazardous Recreational Activity,?EUR??,,????'?????<???????? or HRA, lessening the right of injured skaters to sue.
Other states have comparable laws. Indiana, for example, passed similar legislation in 2001. ?EUR??,,????'?????<????????At first, we were the only professional firm designing skateparks,?EUR??,,????'?????<???????? Rose explained. ?EUR??,,????'?????<????????We were the only group willing to take on the legal risk. It took a while for other people to realize that we really weren?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??t taking much of a risk at all. So, before you knew it, everybody and his brother were designing skateparks.?EUR??,,????'?????<????????
When Rose retired earlier this year, the Purkiss Rose firm had exactly zero lawsuits associated with its skatepark work.
Skateboarders for years have been improvisers, constructing large and small ramps in backyards using lumber and plywood. Perhaps it was only a matter of time before they grabbed bags of concrete and actually tried to build their own permanent parks.
That bridge was crossed around 1990, when a group of Oregon skaters including Mark ?EUR??,,????'?????<????????Red?EUR??,,????'?????<???????? Scott set to work under Portland?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??s Burnside Bridge.
?EUR??,,????'?????<????????We?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??d mix the cement in puddles and then smooth it out with trowels,?EUR??,,????'?????<???????? Scott recalled in a 1991newspaper story. ?EUR??,,????'?????<????????Some homeless dudes who?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??d worked construction came by and gave us advice, told us how to (build) everything.?EUR??,,????'?????<????????
Working on one section at a time, the skatepark had no official sanction but soon grew into a West Coast must-stop on the itinerary of any traveling skateboarder. Eventually recognized by the city, Burnside is one of the most photographed skateparks in the world and unique for the under-bridge location that makes use of space than might otherwise have gone unused.
Skatepark veteran Wally Hollyday said the Burnside project tore down the wall that had always stood between skateboarders and the professional design community. Today, of course, no one would think of sitting down to draw up a park design without meeting with local skaters.
?EUR??,,????'?????<????????The Burnside pioneers were skateboarders who realized that skateparks weren?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??t really addressing what they wanted to ride,?EUR??,,????'?????<???????? Hollyday said. ?EUR??,,????'?????<????????They asked, ?EUR??,,????'?????<????????Why don?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??t we try it ourselves??EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,?? They went out and put in the concrete. They didn?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??t come from a construction or a design background but they had a great vision and they did it.
?EUR??,,????'?????<????????It was an example that proved that skateboarders could actually go out and build public skateparks.?EUR??,,????'?????<????????
There are close to 2,000 skate parks across the country, more than five times as many as in 1996, the Tony Hawk Foundation estimates. Together with inline skating, skateboarding is a $3-to-5 billion industry in annual sales. Close to 13 million skateboarders are scattered in small towns and urban areas across the country.
With park facilities often crowded to capacity, skater advocates suggest that cities would do well to build more skateparks. The benefits are many, they say?EUR??,,????'?????<???????????the facilities relieve skateboarding wear and tear on public areas, they gather youths in one place where authorities can keep an eye on them and they are facilities that (unlike many others) are well-used on any day of the week.
Today, many municipalities are well beyond the debate over whether to build or whether skateparks will leave them open to lawsuits (the record is pretty clear that it?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??s not the case). The question now is where to build additional skateparks to relieve the pressure on the few that are open.
With a total of 10 parks open, Las Vegas, Nev. would seem to be saturated with skateboard venues. In a sense that?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??s true?EUR??,,????'?????<???????????an April opening of the region?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??s newest skatepark generated very little buzz in the local press. Perhaps that?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??s evidence that skatepark openings are now like space missions?EUR??,,????'?????<???????????unnoted, except by enthusiasts.
Like other debuts, the opening of the new skate facility at Clark County?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??s Hollywood Recreation Center received more notice on web sites that track and review skatepark construction. As at other venues, the opening of a new park leads to a surge in attendance as connoisseurs travel tens or even hundreds of miles to sample the new terrain.
That?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??s how it was at Hollywood Park (named for its Hollywood Blvd. location) before summer heat pushed the action into the evening hours. During the cooler months, the park is inundated by students from nearby schools around 4 p.m. every weekday, park supervisor Nate Jaramillo said.
?EUR??,,????'?????<????????Every weekend we get people from Utah, California and farther,?EUR??,,????'?????<???????? he said. ?EUR??,,????'?????<????????We?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??ve had rave, rave reviews. It?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??s well-planned and we take good care of it.?EUR??,,????'?????<????????
Hollywood?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??s skatepark is one of the latest designs from Mike McIntyre?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??s Carlsbad, Calif.-based SITE Design Group, Inc. studio. With close to 200 projects to his credit, McIntyre?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??s quick rise in the industry was helped by the fact that he?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??s one of the only licensed landscape architects with a professional skateboarding background.
His design work dates to the 1980s, when he built a half pipe in his Northern California backyard that drew visitors like Tony Hawk, Christian Hosoi and Steve Caballero. He later turned pro, but also found time to apply for the landscape architecture program at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo.
McIntyre didn?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??t immediately see the connection. He joined resort planning firm Design Workshop Inc. where he worked on a South Korean ski area. Later he joined the Carter & Burgess firm. By the late 1990s he couldn?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??t help noticing the skatepark building boon?EUR??,,????'?????<???????????and pitched the idea to his supervisors. It went nowhere, so in 1999 he started his own firm. Within weeks he was hiring staff and it was obvious the decision was the right one.
Today he smiles when he sees the number of designers who attempt the launch into the skatepark biz.
?EUR??,,????'?????<????????A lot of people go into skatepark design without the background and they fall flat on their face,?EUR??,,????'?????<???????? he said. ?EUR??,,????'?????<????????Ten out of 10 times they fail because they don?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??t understand the ratios, space adjacencies, circulation and all the other details that skaters will notice after about five minutes of skating.?EUR??,,????'?????<????????
Along with McIntyre, SITE Design Group (SDG) has three other landscape architects on staff. In July, the firm acquired Hardcore Shotcrete of Phoenix, Ariz.?EUR??,,????'?????<???????????an addition that positions it to build parks in addition to creating the plans.
Previously, SDG worked with Southern California-based Spohn Ranch, Inc. on a ?EUR??,,????'?????<????????hybrid?EUR??,,????'?????<???????? park for the city of Lathrop, located near Stockton, Calif. Hybrid parks incorporate above-ground features and are sometimes rejected by skaters, but the Lathrop park won praise from users. The park also incorporates prefabricated concrete features?EUR??,,????'?????<???????????an idea pioneered by Spohn Ranch.
Like other cities, Lathrop hoped to save money by going with the modular features, which can be arranged on an existing tennis court or other area. As in other cities, skaters were wary of the lower-price option.
?EUR??,,????'?????<????????We realized that working with a skatepark architect would give us a better park,?EUR??,,????'?????<???????? Lathrop recreation supervisor Gabe Goulart said. ?EUR??,,????'?????<????????We had to sell it to the city council, but now the park is the busiest recreation facility in town with at least 50-to-100 users a day.?EUR??,,????'?????<????????
There are close to 2,000 skate parks across the country, more than five times as many as in 1996, the Tony Hawk Foundation estimates. Together with inline skating, skateboarding is a $3 billion industry in annual sales. Close to 13 million skateboarders are scattered in small towns and urban areas across the country.
The park is a hit, but Goulart wishes he could have helped build something more ambitious.
?EUR??,,????'?????<????????The only thing I would do differently is get another $300,000 and build a bigger park,?EUR??,,????'?????<???????? he said.
A shade structure is one amenity that would be welcome, he said as 100-plus degree F. heat gripped the facility.
Back at Hollywood Park outside of Las Vegas, the design includes a total of five shade structures. Along with drinking fountains, they provide some relief on hot days. A selection of desert tree species will help more as they grow and add shade. But even then, skaters will be smart enough to stay away until sunset relieves the radiation from above.
More than two dozen lights let skaters enjoy the park until 10 p.m. That?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??s a critical asset in a desert climate.
When it comes to skateparks, success is in the details. It?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??s in the slopes, the angles, the transitions of the built design. It?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??s in the techniques of construction, in the concrete formula and shotcrete technique. But the measure of how far the field has come is also in the bigger picture that make using skateparks comfortable and safe. Most skatepark designers are consultants that work with landscape architects and park planners. That adds another layer to the process and can be cumbersome in terms of communication.
A RLA has one big advantage, Santa Cruz, Calif.-based Zach Wormhoudt said.
?EUR??,,????'?????<????????We?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??re looking at more than how you might skate a section using a certain transition,?EUR??,,????'?????<???????? he said. ?EUR??,,????'?????<????????We?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????EUR??,,??re looking at the big picture of how you use the site.?EUR??,,????'?????<????????
When towns and cities include skateparks in their park plans they turn to a handful of specialized skatepark design teams. Data below is from phone interviews and web site reports. This list is incomplete but includes most of the big skatepark design firms.
Francisco Uviña, University of New Mexico
Hardscape Oasis in Litchfield Park
Ash Nochian, Ph.D. Landscape Architect
November 12th, 2025
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