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The common practice of adding nitrogen fertilizer is believed to benefit the soil by building organic carbon, but four University of Illinois soil scientists dispute this view based on analyses of soil samples from the Morrow Plots that date back to before the current practice began. The research, also drawing upon data from other long-term trials throughout the world, was conducted by U of I soil scientists Saeed Khan, Richard Mulvaney, Tim Ellsworth, and Charlie Boast. Their paper ?EUR??,,????'?????<?????????????????The Myth of Nitrogen Fertilization for Soil Carbon Sequestration?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????????? is published in the November/December 2007 issue of the Journal of Environmental Quality.
To understand why yields were lower for plots that received the most nitrogen, Khan and his colleagues analyzed samples for organic carbon in the soil to identify changes that have occurred since the onset of synthetic nitrogen fertilization in 1955. ?EUR??,,????'?????<?????????????????What we learned is that after five decades of massive inputs of residue carbon ranging from 90 to 124 tons per acre, all of the residue carbon had disappeared, and there had been a net decrease in soil organic carbon that averaged 4.9 tons per acre. Regardless of the crop rotation, the decline became much greater with the higher nitrogen rate,?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????????? said Khan.
?EUR??,,????'?????<?????????????????We don?EUR??,,????'?????<???????????????????????(R)?EUR??,,????'????t question the importance of nitrogen fertilizers for crop production,?EUR??,,????'?????<????????????????? said Ellsworth. ?EUR??,,????'?????<?????????????????But, excessive application rates cut profits and are bad for soils and the environment. The loss of soil carbon has many adverse consequences for productivity, one of which is to decrease water storage. There are also adverse implications for air and water quality, since carbon dioxide will be released into the air, while excessive nitrogen contributes to the nitrate pollution problem.?EUR??,,????'?????<?????????????????
Adapted from materials provided by University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Raleigh, North Carolina
Francisco Uviña, University of New Mexico
Hardscape Oasis in Litchfield Park
Ash Nochian, Ph.D. Landscape Architect
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