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LCN March 2006 Landscape Lighting02-27-06 | News



Path Lighting

Tips for the Modern Cave Man

by Stephen Kelly, regional editor






Some light designers advise choosing the lamp first and recommend Halogen incandescent lamps for their higher color rendering index. Still, home owners tend to think first of the lighting fixture and how it will look, hardly surprising considering the many attractive options in path lighting. Photo courtesy of Kitcher.
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Path lights would have come in real handy for prehistory man, what with entering dark caves and such, not sure if he, Gorg, would be disturbing a creature with big fangs, or perhaps fall in a hole or off a precipice. Carrying a torched helped a lot, but its range of illumination was short.

Modern man, like his ancestors, finds the dark, except in movie theatres, uninviting, so he, king of his castle (cave), invented path lighting to navigate his driveways and walkways. Though generally intelligent, modern man still has many questions about path lights.

Tip 1: This is closely related to our cave roots. Dark holes are not inviting. Don?EUR??,,????'???t be stingy with the number of fixtures. Leaving large gaps between the path lights leaves dark holes. Some installers think shadows are a design element. They are, if you don?EUR??,,????'???t mind the tripping element, or being surprised by a fanged varmint, possibly a possum (or a crazed person with a knife).

Tip 2: This is also related to the good ol?EUR??,,????'??? cave days. When doing path lighting, some installers make a point of putting brighter lighting at the path?EUR??,,????'???s end, a kind of psychological device that invites one down the path and gives a greater sense of security.

Tip 3: No, you don?EUR??,,????'???t want dark holes and, yes, you want to see the end of the path, but it should not look like your window seat view as your United flight approaches LAX at night. Think ?EUR??,,????'??inviting?EUR??,,????'?? and ?EUR??,,????'??safe,?EUR??,,????'?? not flashy like a fashion show runway.

Tip 4: Light levels for path lighting are the lowest level lighting on a property. Lower watt lamps, shielded fixtures and or screens are appropriate.

Tip 5: Select the lamp necessary for the job, then the fixture. The spread of the light beam (photometrics supplied by the manufacturer?EUR??,,????'??+see the chart below) will determine how far apart you space the lamps.






Placement of path lights is part design, part focus and part practicality. With a curving walk, some lighting installers like to place path lights only at the apex of the curves, but here the light placement is based on highlighting the shrubbery and secondarily lighting the path.


Tip 6: You will find lamps vary widely from manufacturer to manufacturer. It makes sense to go with better materials (i.e., what the sockets and reflectors are made of), as they will last longer and the reflectors will provide better and more consistent color.

Tip 7: Halogen incandescent lamps have a color rendering index (CRI) of 95-100, compared to reflector compact fluorescent lamps (CRI of 82). The higher CRI means the light source will render the color of objects more naturally or, dare we say, more vividly.

Tip 8: When placing path lights along a curving walk, one line of thought is placing the fixtures at the apex of each curve (the top or outside of the curve). This applies to a horse shoe-shaped path, also. Placing the lights only on the outside of the curve draws the walker down the path, or so goes the assertion.

Tip 9: For the straighter, narrower walks, stagger the lighting from one side to the other. A uniform row of fixtures works well for a wide walkway or driveway.

Tip 10: This tip also harks back to Gorg?EUR??,,????'???s days and his kill two birds with one stone mind set. You can light the path and the adjacent landscaping at the same time. Such a broader light field may be required, for instance, a 20-watt halogen bulb in a 24-in. tall fixture spaced every 10 ft. MR16 lamps, for example, are designed to have beams as small as 7 degrees or as wide as 60 degrees, giving the light installer/designer much greater flexibility than carrying a torch.

Tip 11: Your customers may ask about solar lighting. Most retail solar lighting is very cheap and not surprisingly, the light is not bright enough or long-lasting enough for path lighting. However, solar lighting technology is getting better all the time. Solar is based on photovoltaic cell converting sunlight to an electrical current via built-in NiCad batteries. LED (light emitting diodes) bulbs last something on the order of one million hours! There are companies that claim their solar lights can now do the job of path lighting, although one company notes their light provides only five hours of night lighting at the high setting.






Horizontal footcandles at radius from fixture with standard 20-inch stem height.


Illuminating Info

20: Dollars, a typical price for a low-voltage lighting kit that has plastic lamps.

100: Dollars, a typical price for a low-voltage lighting kit that has metal fixtures. Source: Popular Mechanics






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