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Over the last thirty years, renovations of large cities have given rise to a dramatically increased use of concrete pavers in downtown streetscapes?EUR??,,????'??+usually at an 18 to 25 percent rate.
The superior performance over an extended period of time, unparalleled design flexibility, and virtually maintenance-free aspect of these systems has made them a favorite of design professionals, municipalities, and commercial and industrial developers everywhere.
There are few products that can rival the versatility of concrete pavers. They are used in the most exquisite retreats, in botanical gardens and in the most rugged industrial settings, such as ports of call. Wonderfully diverse pedestrian designs are used in streetscapes everywhere, in conjunction with fully functional, heavy-duty vehicular application, often using the same design elements, such as shape and color.
In these pedestrian settings and areas of municipalities, concrete pavers have several structural advantages over other upscale pavements. Pavers from all reputable manufacturers meet or exceed ASTM requirements that units be more than twice as dense as most poured-in-place concrete (8,000psi) and absorb only about a third as much water as does poured-in-place concrete (>5%). These are very strong, dense paving stones that are very difficult to break when installed properly. The low water absorption rate is a real advantage in heavy freeze-thaw climates. Water leaches down into concrete and freezes, causing cracking and chipping as time goes by. Concrete pavers absorb much less water and are much stronger than poured concrete and some other paving materials, resulting in a pavement that is fully functional for many more years. This density is also a real advantage when the pavement is inundated with deicers, as most heavily used sidewalks and plaza areas are in areas with harsh winters. The deicers do not penetrate the concrete pavers to any great degree and generally do not permanently discolor the pavement. Many upscale paving surfaces are indeed marred by deicers, with irreversible consequences.
Tests performed on busy street intersections prove that truly interlocking concrete pavers (units that are of a size and shape that can be laid in patterns that spread load well to neighboring units) actually become more secure as load frequency increases. The more a pavement is used, the better it gets. A key reason for this is that the coarse, jagged-edged sand particles in the joints between pavers become increasingly wedged together as load frequency and direction intensifies, causing better paver stability.
Another added bonus of a concrete paver system is that ugly and costly expansion joints are almost never needed. Every joint between every paver is, in essence, a mini-expansion joint and keeps the entire pavement flexible, allowing it to expand and contract with weather changes. Subsoil movement?EUR??,,????'????EUR??,,????'???so common over much of the United States?EUR??,,????'????EUR??,,????'???will rarely cause a paver system to crack because it is so flexible.
Even if an individual paver does crack, replacing the unit is much simpler and less expensive than replacing the entire paved surface.
Streetscapes paved with concrete pavers are also cost-effective, both on up-front installation costs and ongoing maintenance costs. Towns and cities buy products made from local sand and gravel sources from manufacturers only a few miles away, which add up to less expensive materials. Municipalities are delighted to find that concrete pavers may be the easiest-to-maintain material they can purchase.
Paver manufacturers are also responsible for having developed an educated and highly competent contractor base to install their products. The industry has initiated an aggressive training program to get virtually all larger commercial contractors ICPI (Interlocking Concrete Paver Institute) certified.
Paving stone producers are increasingly recommending only ICPI certified installers to install their products. The results of this effort have been a significant upgrade of the available contractor base with both knowledge and installation skills.
More and more contractors are becoming effective design consultants and can be counted on to always install streetscapes that will perform well for twenty or thirty years with little needed maintenance.
As cities and towns across the country continue to create warm, intimate, and charming outdoor living areas with their streetscape designs, concrete pavers will certainly have their place at the forefront of this movement. Affordable and beautiful, wonderfully diverse, and easy-to-maintain, concrete paver systems will continue to win the hearts and minds of both the people who design with them and the people who use them.
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